总主编：陆留弟
编著：蔡敦达 庞志春
华东师范大学出版社
下篇 课文第二课 (60)页
参考答案
1、写出文中画线日语汉字的平假名
孕む はらむ
不祥事 ふしょうじ
稀 まれ
鎖 くさり
後釜 あとがま
2、文中a～e的括号中请在选项abcd中选择一个最适合的
(该题实际考试与原题问题选项有出入，我们考试中也对选项有纠结，故不给出答案，盲猜考试选项出错)
3、「①その原因」の「その」指的是什么？
d.ミス
4、「②不問に付かされてしまいます」是什么意思？
c.追及されないこと
5、「③a」「③b」「③c」请填入同一个单词
b.失敗
6、「④鎖を形成する小さな輪」の「鎖の輪」是什么？
a.失敗にいたるまでの一つ一つの要因
7、为了让失败不再发生，什么样的措施是有效的？请30字以内说明。
起こした失敗の原因や背景を、一つずつ調べて対策を立てること。
第一部分 听力(4模块)90分/ 40min
①spot dictation 20个
话题是： 生态破坏，栖息地遭到破坏，英国实行了一个政策，保护当地生态，最后呼吁更多的人参与环境保护。
②listening comprehension 10个
听力材料是大概三四句话的短材料，选择和材料意思最接近的选项。
③talks and conversations 20个
听力材料是对话，大概有5段长对话。
每段对话4小题。
话题涉及旅游、行程安排、以及售后服务等。
④listening and translation
5个句子听译。
2篇段落听译。
第一段话题：诺贝尔奖的历史及种类。
第二段话：全球薪资变动及原因。
第二部分 阅读(6篇)60分/50 min
阅读 共6篇 30题
passage 1 关于睡眠。
每个人至少需要75分钟的深度睡眠，浅度睡眠因人而异。
passage 2 关于社交安全。
在平时使用网络的过程中需要注意网站提供的各种协议，自己注意保护个人身份证件的泄露，以及是否允许第三方使用个人信息。
passage 3 共享生活。
澳大利亚一个女生创立了一个tool library，我们不必要买所有我们用的到的东西，我们可以通过相互分享，满足我们生活需要。
passage 4 英国以前的一项猪肉政策。
passage 5 人脑的发育阶段及其影响。
passage 6 流行词汇。
现在的年轻人在演讲中使用一些流行词汇，表达自己的想法。其实流行词汇不仅在年轻人中使用，也被中老年人所接受。每个时代都有自己的流行词汇。
第三部分 英译汉(1篇)50分/30min
人工智能翻译 (ai translation)
人工智能在翻译中的使用越来越广泛，网页翻译，交流都可以用人工智能翻译，但是人工智能翻译有缺陷，比如语法问题。所以有公司将人工翻译和智能翻译相结合，解决这个问题。
第四部分 汉译英(1篇) 50分/30min
端午节
农历5月初5是中国传统节日，端午节。端午节的说法很多，但是被广泛认可的是为了纪念楚国爱国诗人屈原。屈原听到楚国都城被破的消息，悲愤交加，跳入汨罗河，以身殉国。河边的居民纷纷赛船寻找屈原，为了防止鱼虾啃食，人们向水中丢粽子。现在，全国各地在端午节的时候举行龙舟比赛，吃粽子，纪念屈原。
中级口译口试真题
口语题
directions: talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. you should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. you need to have your name and registration number recorded. start your talk with “my name is…， “ “my registration number is…”。
topic: the importance of transportation for shanghai’s economic development
questions for reference:
1、 give a general picture of transportation in shanghai and then compare it with that in other cities in china or abroad.
2、 what are the causes of the most serious transportation problems in the city?
3、 why is transportation more important in shanghai today?
4、 how to improve shanghai’s transportation system?
口译题
part a
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in english. after you have heard each passage, interpret it into chinese. start interpreting at the signal…and stop it at the signal…you may take notes while you are listening. remember you will hear the passages only once. now let’s begin part a with the first passage.
passage 1:
thank you very much for your gracious speech of welcome. china is one of the earliest cradles of civilization and a visit to this ancient civilization has long been my dream. // this visit will give me an excellent opportunity to meet old friends and establish new contacts. // i wish to say again that i am so delighted and privileged to visit your great country and this lovely town. // i am deeply grateful for everything you have done for me since my arrival in china. //
passage 2:
im very glad to have the opportunity to work in your company with a group of brilliant people in chinas automobile industry. //i had been looking forward to this job for many years and you have made my dream come true. //i appreciate all you have done for me. i really love my new house that you have chosen for me. //if you dont mind, i wish to tour around your company properties and meet my chinese colleagues and lab assistants tomorrow. //
part b
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in chinese. after you have heard each passage, interpret it into english. start interpreting at the signal…and stop it at the signal…you may take notes while you’re listening. remember you will hear the passages only once. now, let’s begin part b with the first passage.
passage 1:
浦江商务旅游公司是经国家旅游局批准的我国首批商务旅游公司。// 公司以外国在华的商社和三资企业为主要服务对象。// 公司宗旨是以旅游促进商务，为改善上海及其周边地区的投资环境提供全方位的服务。// 公司竭诚与客户建立互惠互利的合作关系，坦诚相待，共同发展商务旅游事业。
passage 2：
今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学再次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。// 我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人以及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。// 我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问，必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系作出重要的贡献。// 明天。贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。
b卷
口语题
directions: talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. be sure to make your point clear and supporting details adequate. you should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. you need to have your name and registration number recorded. start your talk with “my name is…” “my registration number is…”。
topic: my opinion—important ways towards success
questions for reference:
1、 what does succemean to you?
2、 people often say: “succecomes out of diligence”。 what do you think of it?
3、 can you give examples to show how people became successful in life or career?
4、 what is the relationship between succeand an inpidual’s personality, opportunity, ability, etc.
口译题
part a
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in english. after you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into chinese. start interpreting at the signal…and stop it at the signal… you may take notes while you are listening. remember you will hear the passages only once. now let’s begin part a with the first passage.
passage 1:
i wish to take this opportunity to thank you on behalf of all my colleagues for your warm reception and hospitality. // the past five days in china have been truly pleasant and enjoyable and most memorable.// i particularly want to pay tribute to our chinese partners for their sincere cooperation and support in concluding these agreements.// may i ask all of you present here to join me in raising your glasses, to the lasting friendship and cooperation between our two companies.
passage 2:
as an american manager of a sino-american joint venture for two years, i have to say that there are differences in businemanagement between chinese and americans.// we are more direct and straightforward than most chinese colleagues due to our different cultural traditions.// i can’t say our way of doing busineis absolutely superior. after all, there are strong and weak points in both types of management.// in recent years, more and more american busineexecutives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of chinese management.
part b
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in chinese. after you have heard each passage, interpret in into english. start interpreting at the signal…and stop it at the signal…you may take notes while you’re listening. remember you will hear the passages only once. now, let’s begin part b with the first passage.
passage 1:
在这举国同庆的夜晚，我谨代表公司的全体同仁，感谢各位来宾光临我们的春节联欢晚会。// 春节是我国一年中良辰佳时，我希望在座的各位度过一个轻松、欢快的夜晚。// 我愿外国来宾能尽情品尝中国的传统佳肴和美酒。我希望这次晚会能使我们有机会彼此沟通、增进友谊。// 最后我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临，并祝各位新年身体健康、事业有成、吉祥如意。
passage 2:
我怀着非常愉快的心情出席本届年会。// 值此大会开幕之际，我为能有机会就保护环境问题进行发言，向主席先生致以深深的谢意。// 这次会议为我们交换意见和信息、达成共识，提供了理想的场所。// 我愿借此机会，就世界范围内的环境保护问题，发表自己的一些看法，与和位一起商讨。
口译题
part b
directions: in this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in chinese. after you have heard eachsentence or paragraph, interpret it into english. start interpreting at the signal.。. and stop it at thesignal.。. you may take notes while you are listening. remember you will hear the passages only once. now, let us begin part b with the first passage.
passage 2
【原文】
随着科学技术的突飞猛进，世界经济秩序和经济格局发生急剧变化，人口与发展进一步成为国际社会广泛关注的重大问题。
走人口与经济、社会、资源、环境相互协调的可持续发展道路，正成为世界各国的共同选择。
中国解决人口与发展问题的基本指导方针是相当清楚的：根据我国的基本国情，走中国特色的道路解决人口与发展的问题。
中国将继续做出巨大努力，在充分尊重各族人民的不同文化背景、宗教信仰的基础上，制定和实施人口与发展的规划和政策。
【答案】
with the rapid development of science and technology and the swift changes in the worldeconomic order and patterns, population and development have further become an importantissue, which draws general concern of the international community.
it is the common choice of all countries to seek a way to achieve sustainable development withpopulation, economy, society, resources and environment all in harmony.
chinas main guidelines for tackling the population and development issue are clearly speltout. china will take into consideration its basic national conditions, and tackle its ownpopulation and development issue in its own specific way.
with a full consideration of different cultural backgrounds and religious beliefs among omnationalities, china will persistently make great efforts in formulating and implementingpopulation and development plans and policies.
口语部分：
should we use child endorsers?
题目：
do advertising companies often choose children to be endorsers of commercial products?
2、 what are the possible advantages or disadvantages of childrens being advertising endorsers?
3、 do you agree that children should have the right to decide whether to be endorsers of commercial products? why or why not?
口译部分：
英译汉部分：
1、在经济全球化，国际贸易自由化的背景下，大学将扮演怎样的角色；本科教育和研究生教育紧密相连；我们的教育应该使学生以寻求新知识、带来新发现为目的进行学习。
2、巴黎的介绍，节选于如下的文章：
ah, beautiful paris. for centuries this city has attracted the admiration of the world. the allure and charm of paris captivate all who visit there.
啊，美丽的巴黎！几世纪来，这个城市吸引了整个世界的崇拜。巴黎的诱惑与魅力吸引了所有到此游玩的人。
where can you discover the charm of paris for yourself? is it in the legacy of all the french rulers who worked to beautify their beloved city? is it in the famous castles， palaces， statues and monuments, such as the eiffel tower? can you find it in the world-class museums， such as the louvre? perhaps parisallurelies in the zest and style of the parisians.
你在哪里可以找到巴黎对你自己的吸引力呢？是否是在历任的法国统治者们在美化他所钟爱的城市所留下來的遗产里？还是在那些有名的城堡、皇宫雕像和纪念碑例如埃菲尔铁塔之中？你能否在世界一流的博物馆，倒如卢浮宫中找着呢？或许巴黎的诱惑力在于巴黎人的特殊品味和风格。
when you visit paris， you dont have to spend all of your time visiting museums and monuments. they are certainly worthy of your time， but ignore them for a day. first take some time to look around and experience life in paris. youll find it charming.
当你到巴黎游玩时，別把时间全都花在看博物馆和纪念碑上面。它们当然很值得你花时间，但今天先忘掉它们。首先来四处看看，并体验一下巴黎的生活。你会发现它的迷人之处。
take a stroll along the seine river. browse through the art vendors， colorful paintings. peek through delicate iron gates at the well-kept gardens. watch closely for the french attention to detail that has made france synonymous with good taste. you will see it in the design of a doorway or arch and in the little fountains and quaint balconies. no matter where you look， you will find everyday objects transformed into works by art.
沿著塞纳河漫步。浏览艺术家们丰富色彩的绘画，透过那些精致的铁门，向內偷窺那些精心照看的花园。仔细留心法国人对于细节的留心。这使得法国成为「好品味」同义字。你可以在门廊或拱门以及小喷泉和古怪有趣的走廊的设计上看见。不管你往哪里看，你都可以发现日常物品已经变成了艺术品。
spend some time in a quiet park relaxing on an old bench. lie on your back on the green grass. when you need refreshment， try coffee and pastries at a sidewalk cafe. strike up a conversation with a parisian. this isnt always easy， though. with such a large international population living in paris， true natives are hard to find these days.
花些时间，在一个安静的公园里面的旧板凳上轻松地休息。躺在青草地上。想吃点心的时候，尝尝路边咖啡店的咖啡及点心。找一个巴黎人展开一段会话，但这也不太容易。有这么大的国际人口居住在此地。在这个年头要找到一个真正当地的巴黎人是很难的。
as evening comes to paris， enchantment rises with the mist over the riverfront. you may hear music from an outdoor concert nearby： classical， jazz， opera or chansons， those french folk songs. parisians love their music. the starry sky is their auditorium. you can also hear concerts in the chateaux and cathedrals. in paris the music never ends.
巴黎到了傍晚时分，随着码头上的雾气升起，巴黎的诱惑力也随之而起。你也会听到附近室外音乐会所演奏的乐曲。古典、爵士、歌剧或是香颂、即法国的民歌。巴黎人热爱自己的音乐，繁星点缀的天空，就是他们演奏的大礼堂。你也可以在皇宫或教堂里聆听音乐会。在巴黎，音乐是不会停止的。
dont miss the highlight of paris evening： eating out. parisians are proud of their cuisine. and rightly so; its world famous. gourmet dining is one of the indispensable joys of living. you need a special guidebook to help you choose one of the hundreds of excellent restaurants. the capital of france boasts every regional specialty, cheese and wine the country has to offer. if you dont know what to order, ask for the suggested menu. the chef likes to showcase his best dishes there. remember, you havent tasted the true flavor of france until youve dined at a french restaurant in paris.
別错过了巴黎夜晚的高潮：下馆子。巴黎人对其烹饪非常骄傲。理当如此，因为它世界驰名。美食本来就是与生活享乐不可分割的。为了帮你从几百家绝佳的餐厅中作选择，你需要一本特別的指南。法国的首都以各地的特色风味、乳酪和酒著称于世，如果你不知道要叫什么，可以要「推荐菜单」来看。大厨喜欢在此将他最拿手的菜作一番橱窗展示。请记住，在你尚未在巴黎的法国餐厅里吃过饭之前，都不算尝过法国真正的风味。
after your gourmet dinner, take a walking tour of the floodlit monuments. cross the pont neuf, the oldest bridge in the city, to the ile de la cite. the most famous landmark of paris looms up in front of you the notre dame cathedral (cathedral of our lady)。stand in the square in front of the cathedral. here, you are standing in the center of france. all distances are measured from the front of notre dame. every road in france leads to her front door. all french kings and leaders have journeyed here to commemorate important occasions and give thanks. notre dame is the heart of paris and the heart of france.
在你的美食晚餐之后，可以到被聚光灯照耀的纪念碑去走一趟。穿过第九桥(pont neuf)此城市中最古老的桥。到达城市之岛(ile de la cite)。巴黎最有名的标志即隐约地呈现在你的面前：圣母院。站在教堂前面的广场。在这里，你即处于法国的正中心。所有的距离皆是以圣母院前门开始计算。法国的每一条路都通往它的前门。所有的法国国王或统治者都曾经旅游到此来纪念重要的节日或感恩。圣母院是巴黎的中心，也是法国的中心。
your visit in paris has only just begun. youve just started to discover the charm of this old city. may the rest of your journey be unforgettable. when it is time to leave, you will go reluctantly. you will saywith the french, "a bientot， paris， a bientot!" （see you again soon， paris!）
你的巴黎之旅才刚刚开始呢。你才刚刚开始发现这个古老城市的魅力。希望你剩余的旅程将令你难以忘怀。当你该起程回家时，你会依依不舍。然后用法文说道：「后会有期，巴黎！」
汉译英部分：
1、中国政府将推动企业加强技术创新，只有不断创新，才有可能在激烈的竞争环境中成功发展。
这段话主要谈到了技术创新、中国重视知识产权的保护、良好的投资环境。
2、岳阳楼的地理位置，建造岳阳楼的目的，岳阳楼的建筑结构，还有岳阳楼中的著名对联：洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼。走出岳阳楼，可以欣赏到美丽的洞庭湖。
附：should we use child endorsers?
chinas top legislature has recently deliberated an amendment to the advertising law that stipulates that minors under the age of 10 should not be advertising endorsers. according to the proposed amendment, companies that use children under this age as spokespersons in advertisements will be fined.
supporters of this ban believe that this move means to protect minors by imposing restrictions on the age of endorsers. moreover, they believe that it will help promote the effectiveness of advertisements and commercials, making them more believable, reasonable and accurate.
opponents of the ban believe that commercial activities are a good opportunity for children to gain knowledge and develop their capabilities. therefore, they should have the right to decide for themselves with the help of their guardians whether they want to be endorsers of a certain product.
negative impact
ye qingcheng (beijing times): the world-famous child movie star shirley temple started her filming career at 3 years old. she recalled in her autobiography that she spent more than 10 hours in film studios and often felt so sleepy that she dozed off in front of the screen. however, she never felt it was wrong and thought other children were also working as hard as she was. while it may seem that her childhood was terrible, maybe her hard work paid off in the end given her income.
despite various bans on child actors and actresses, they are always popular with the public because of their cuteness. childhood, however, is supposed to be a period of time when children play and learn, and even if they are talented in acting, their talent should not be overused. otherwise, they may end up paying for this lost time when they grow up. in this sense, a ban on childrens commercial endorsements really aims to protect minors from being negatively impacted by commercial activities.
when a child has gained fame by acting in movies or in televised entertainment programs, he or she will be able to capitalize on his or her reputation. a short commercial on tv can bring in a huge amount of money. too much entertainment engagement may be more than a child can bear, psychologically and physically, but a hefty paycheck looks attractive to the childs family. in most cases, these child stars will be overly consumed just as temple used to be.
the proposed endorsement ban does not totally forbid children to act in commercials. they are banned only from playing the lead role and speaking for a certain product in their own names. striking a balance between happy childhood and the demands of being a child star is a delicate balancing act for parents and advertising agencies. we do hope that we can protect child stars growing years while the audience can still enjoy their excellent performances.
bian guanghun (yanzhao metropolis daily): generally speaking, children under the age of 10 possess only a simple understanding of social events. however, when they become advertising endorsers, they have to face events beyond their cognitive capacity. in most cases, they dont actually know how the products they speak for are used. they say and do what the businesses pay them to say and do. therefore, its quite doubtful whether the products these child stars speak for are reliable or not.
some companies using child endorsers intend to mislead these endorsers peers. the products may not be as good as are exaggerated in advertisements. these businesses hope their products will impress other children when they see child stars are using them. they will then ask their parents to buy this or that product for them.
parents of child stars rarely see the negative impact caused by their childrens endorsements on society and on the children themselves. becoming a movie star and product spokesperson at such an early age can seem glorious. the ability to bring in so much money at this age can seem even more so. this can lead to vanity growing in childrens hearts. when children under 10 are forbidden by law to act as advertising endorsers, the ban will do more good than harm.
he yonghai: nowadays, products endorsed by children can be seen everywhere. companies are trying to sell more products by taking advantage of childrens cuteness. however, using children as endorsers may mislead other children. when the endorsing child shouts, "mom, i want this," this advertisement is persuading other children to ask their parents to buy the product for them.
its also harmful to child endorsers who are required to imitate and exaggerate in commercials. these children might lose their character. also, when they have already made big money, will the child stars be still interested in schoolwork? more importantly, if they happen to endorse a fake and bad-quality product, minors under the age of 10 are unable to take civil responsibilities. actually, it is their parents that collect endorsement fees. we are therefore in need of legal regulations so that the parents cant exploit their children for advertising money.
a possible counterargument states that if minors under 10 are forbidden to be advertising endorsers, child products in the future will be endorsed only by adults. this is a misunderstanding. an advertising endorsement means that the endorser suggests a product to the public in his or her own name. in this sense, children can still play into advertisements without recommending a product in their own names. even if the product is not as good as is advertised, they dont need to take responsibilities. child stars who enjoy a lot of fame, in contrast, are supposed to take responsibilities for their endorsement activities. this type of situation is in the ban category.
advertisements are broadcast because businesses want their products to be known by as many people as possible. in many countries, cartoon figures are used in milk powder advertisements. therefore, we in china can also use cartoon figures instead of child stars. maybe cartoon figures will be more attractive and successful than real people, even if they are famous child stars.
a matter of choice
ye zhusheng (the beijing news): endorsing an advertisement does not necessarily violate minors rights and interests. its thus improper to forbid all such commercial activities among children. the minors and their parents should be given the right to decide whether to do the job after fully analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of being an advertising endorser. otherwise, instead of protecting minors interests, the law will restrict their freedom and rights.
meanwhile, endorsements are usually conducted by celebrities. when it is stipulated by law that minors under the age of 10 should not be chosen as advertising endorsers, we dont know whether only well-known child stars are forbidden or ordinary children under this age are also in the category. therefore, in the process of implementation, there might be some specific problems.