高二年级有两大特点:一、教学进度快。一年要完成二年的课程。二、高一的新鲜过了,距离高考尚远,最容易玩的疯时候。导致:心理上的迷茫期,学业上进的缓慢期,自我约束的松散期,我们要认清自己,面对高二的挑战。小编整理了高二英语上学期知识点,希望大家能够喜欢!
主谓一致
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。(最基本的)
2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
4、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ,as well as ,together with ,along with,like 等引导的介词短语时 ,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
注意:主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。
5、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。
7、 当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》
8、 news ,maths,physics ,politics等词貌似复数,实为单数,其谓语动词用单数.
9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ,the rich ,the young, the old , the dead ,the sick,the brave 等)作主语,谓语动词往往用复数
10、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
11、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。(这个就是就近原则)
12、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
13、a number of后面加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。
14、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
注意:在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中,从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有,从句的谓语动词用单数,如没有the only, 就用复数形式。
1)starve作不及物动词,表示“饿死,挨饿”。starve for=be starve of/for,表示“渴望获得,迫切得到”。
2)plenty 作不可数名词,只用于肯定句中,表示“充足,大量,富裕”,可做主语,宾语或表语。 做主语时,谓语动词随着plenty所指的单复数形式作相应的变化。 plenty也可作副词,表示“充分地,十足地,好多”。 in plenty表示“大量的,丰富,充裕”可作表语,定语,状语。
3)satisfy 作及物动词,表示“满意,使满足”,直接跟宾语,若接that从句时,意思是“使相信”,从句前有间接宾语。 satisfy?with以??满足 be satisfied with对??满足 satisfy?for向??偿还 be satisfied to do sth满足于做某事
4)harm 作名词,意为“损害”,不与不定冠词连用,常与do,come,mean等动词搭配。 do more harm than good弊大于利 There’s no harm in(sb’s)doing sth=It does no harm for sb to do sth做某事无害处 作及物动词,表示“损害,伤害”。
5)trick:play a trick on sb=play sb a trick开某人的玩笑,诈骗某人 do/turn the trick达到(预期的)目的,获得成功。 have a/the trick of doing sth(有)做……的习惯/癖好。 be up to tricks,be at one’s tricks玩鬼把戏,闹恶作剧。trick可以做动词,trick sb into doing骗某人去做某事 trick sb out of?骗取某人
6)memory是名词,表示“记忆”时,接for而不接of。 复数形式memories可表示往事。 in memory of纪念,一般表示对死者的纪念。 lose one’s memory“失去记忆”,可能永远也想不起来;而slip sb’s memory指一般想不起来,可能不知道什么时候又想起。
7)admire作及物动词,只能接名词或者代词作宾语,不能接宾语从句。admire to do高兴做 admire sb for sth在某方面钦佩某人 admire at对??感到羡慕,对??感到惊讶
8)look forward to盼望,期待 push one’s way forward挤着向前走 come forward走出来 put forward提出 backward and forward来回。
9)take place 表示“发生”有计划的,有目的的,有准备的发生,是不及物动词,无宾语,不能用于被动语态。区别take place,happen,break out:take place有计划的发生,多指运动,变化,进步,会议,婚礼等;happen偶然发生或者意外事件的发生;break out表示“突然发生,爆发”,强调出人意料,多指地震,火灾,火山,战争,疾病,瘟疫等的突然发生。 take one’s place表示“代替某人,执政,上台”。 take the place of表示“取代,代替”。
10)Apologize:apologize to sb for doing sth因为做了某事向某人道歉 make an apology to sb for doing sth道歉。
11)set off:“出发,起程”,还可以表示“使爆炸,激发”。有关set的短语:
set up建立,树立,创立;set forth出发,起程,公布;set out开始,着手,出发;set about
着手,试图,开始;set fire to点火;set to doing sth开始做某事;set…aside把……放在一边;set sth down记下来;set …free将……释放
12)as though :表示“好像,似乎”,引导的从句谓语动词多用于虚拟语气。如果as though
从句中所叙述的情况是事实或有可能发生,也可用于陈述语气。其后面除了跟句子外,还可以跟名词,动词不定式,形容词(短语),介词短语或分词。还可以表示感叹语气,来对某项建议、假设或推测表示不赞成,惊讶,不满和厌恶等。
☆重点句型☆
1. By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find
new ideas and solutions.
2. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis
of the obvious.
3. There did not seem much point in working on my Phi)
-- I did not expect to survive that long.
4. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind
of life he has always dreamt of.
5. Even though I have interviewed famous people, the
story I like best is about an ordinary young woman ...
6 it was the first time that I had written with real
passion.
7. The result is a better understanding of the world on all
sides, leading to a future world where people from all
countries am respected and different views and opinions
are tolerated.
8. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside
the factory and left a positive message about protecting
the earth.
9. They build a theory about the way in which things
happen and the causes and effects.
10. More than ninety responsible and caring citizens, made
their voices heard today.
☆重点词汇☆
1. undertake v. 着手做
2. analysis n. 分析
3. inspiration n. 灵感
4. within prep. 在……的里面
5. curious adj. 好奇的
6. debate v. 争辩
7. graduate v. 毕业
8. disable v. 使丧失能力
9. seek v. 寻找
10. observe v. 观察
11. match v. 和……相配
12. astronomer n. 天文学家
13. engage v. 使订婚;使从事于
14. intelligent adj. 理解力强的
15. experient v. 进行实验
16. media n. 传媒
17. fire v. 解雇;开除
18. difficulty n. 难事
19. bum v. 燃烧
20. inform v. 通知
21. talent n. 天资;天赋
22. present v. 呈现;描述
23. effort n. 努力
24. ignore v. 不理;忽视
25. tolerate v. 忍受
26. concern v. 使担忧
27. rmire v. 退休
28. bore v. 使厌烦
29. attitude n. 态度;看法
30. update v. 更新
☆重点短语☆
1. go by (时间)经过
2. turn out to be 结果是
3. on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面,另一方面
4. within oneself 在某人能力范围之内
5. dream of / about 梦想
6. reach one's goals 达到目标
7. be curious about 对……好奇
8. the other way around 相反地
9. a top university 一所的大学
10. be punished for 因……而受惩罚
11. nine out often 十分之九
12. a promising postgraduate 一个有前途的研究生
13. be addicted to 对……上瘾
14. bum down 烧毁
15. foronce 就这一次
16. spare no effort 不遗余力
17. on all sides 在各方面
18. adapt to 适应
19. be armed with 用……武装
20. be concerned to 担心,担忧
21. change one's mind 改变主意
22. go up 上升,增长
23. in an organized way 有组织地,有条理地
24. fall in love with 与……相爱
25. current affairs 时事
☆交际用语☆
1. What do they mean?
2. What are they known for?
3. What makes a scientist successful?
4. What do these three great minds have in common?
5. What are you interested in?
6. That's correct / true.
7. It's hard to say.
8. It's clear that...
9. There is no doubt that...
10. I would rather...
11. What's your opinkm?
12. Maybe it would be better to choose...