马丁路德金的演讲我有一个梦想(精选3篇)
早年求学
马丁·路德·金,将“非暴力”和“直接行动”作为社会变革方法的最为突出的倡导者之一。1月15日,马丁·路德·金出生在佐治亚州的亚特兰大市奥本街501号,一幢维多利亚式的小楼里。马丁·路德·金是牧师亚当·丹尼尔·威廉姆斯的外孙,威廉姆斯是埃比尼泽浸信会的牧师和全国有色人种协进会亚特兰大分会的发起人;马丁·路德·金是老马丁·路德·金的儿子,老马丁·路德·金继承父亲威廉姆斯成了埃比尼泽的牧师,母亲是教师。马丁·路德·金的家族发源于非洲裔美国人的浸信会。15岁时聪颖好学的金以优异成绩进入摩尔豪斯学院攻读社会学,在结束亚特兰大莫尔浩司学院的学业后,获得文学学士学位。马丁·路德·金又在宾夕法尼亚州的克劳泽神学院和波士顿大学就读,1951年他又获得柯罗泽神学院学士学位,1955年他从波士顿大学获得神学博士学位。在学习中,马丁·路德·金加深了对神学的认识并探究圣雄甘地在社会改革方面的非暴力策略。
前期运动
1953年,马丁·路德·金和柯瑞塔·斯科特结婚。第二年,他在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利的德克斯特大街浸信会当了一名牧师。1955年,他获得了系统神学的博士学位。
1955年12月5日 ,由于有一位黑人妇女不给白人让座,被判蹲监狱2年,所以民权积极分子罗莎·帕克斯拒绝遵从蒙哥马利公车上的种族隔离政策,在此之后,黑人居民发起了对公共汽车抵制运动并选举金作他们新形式下蒙格马利权利促进协会的领头人。公共汽车抵制运动在 1956 年持续一年,马丁·路德·金因其领导地位而名声大噪。 1956 年12 月,美国最高法院宣布阿拉巴马州的种族隔离法律违反宪法,蒙哥马利市公车上的种族隔离规定也被废除。
为了寻求蒙哥马利胜利后的进一步发展,马丁·路德·金和其他的南部黑人领袖于 1957 年建立了南方基督教领袖会议。1959年,马丁·路德·金到印度游历并进一步发展了甘地的非暴力策略。那年年底,马丁·路德·金辞去了德克斯特的职务并返回亚特兰大,和他的父亲共同成为一名埃比尼泽浸信会牧师。
1960年,黑人大学生们揭起了入座抗议的浪潮,这促进了学生非暴力协调委员会的形成。马丁·路德·金支持学生运动,并对创建南方基督教领袖会议的青年分部表现出兴趣。学生激进分子很钦慕他,但他们不满于马丁·路德·金自上而下的领导作风,进而决定取得自治。作为学生非暴力协调委员会的顾问,曾经担任过南方基督教领袖会议副主管的埃拉·贝克向其他民权组织代表阐明,学生非暴力协调委员会将仍是一个学生领导的组织。1961年“自由乘车运动”中,马丁·路德·金由于拒绝参加活动而受到批评,加剧了他同青年激进分子的紧张关系。南方基督教领袖会议和学生非暴力协调委员会之间的矛盾在1961年和1962年的奥尔巴尼运动中继续着。
发展壮大
1963 年4月12日,马丁·路德·金和南方基督教领袖会议领导人在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰领导了大规模群众示威游行。金博士本人当天被捕。他在狱中写作了《来自伯明翰监狱的书简》。书简中,他阐述了美国民权运动的初衷、期望和梦想,批驳了对民权运动的种种指责。1963年夏天,当沙特尔沃思牧师在白宫会见美国总统肯尼迪时,他说:“没有伯明翰,我们今天不可能坐在这里。”此地以白人警方强烈反对种族融合而著称。徒手的黑人示威者与装备着警犬和消防水枪的警察之间的冲突,作为报纸头条新闻遍及世界各地。总统肯尼迪对伯明翰的抗议做出了回应,他向国会提出放宽民权立法的要求,这促成了 1964 年民权法案的通过。稍后,在 1963年8月28日 ,群众示威行动在“华盛顿工作与自由游行”的运动过程中达到高潮,此次示威运动中有超过二十五万的抗议者聚集在华盛顿特区。在林肯纪念馆的台阶上,马丁·路德·金发表了“我有一个梦想”的著名演讲。
人生高潮
马丁·路德·金的声望随着1963 年成为时代周刊的年度人物和 1964 年获得诺贝尔和平奖而持续上升。然而,除了名气和赞美,运动内部领导层也出现了矛盾。马尔科姆·艾克斯的正当防卫和黑人民族主义理念引起了北方的共鸣,城市黑人的作用力超过了金为非暴力所作的号召。同时,金还要面对“黑人权力”运动发起人斯托克利·卡迈克尔的公开批评。
20xx年8日28日,马丁·路德·金的纪念雕像在华盛顿国家广场揭幕。在此前,只有华盛顿、杰弗逊、林肯和罗斯福等几位美国历史上著名的总统在这里立有纪念塑像,马丁·路德·金是第一位生前作为社会批评家的平民政治人物被在此加以纪念,也是第一位非洲裔政治领袖的纪念物,其意义非同一般。为何他能赢得和这几位著名总统并列的声望地位?正是他以和平抗争维护了《独立宣言》和《联邦宪章》自由平等民主正义的基本价值观,使他和这几位总统一样,为美国人民广泛推崇而享誉美国历史。
遭遇刺杀
1967年城市种族间暴力升级, 美国联邦调查局主管埃德加·胡佛则趁机加强了破坏金领导力的全面努力。加之金对美国介入越南战争的公开批评,使得他与林登·约翰逊政府关系紧张。
1967年12月,马丁·路德·金发起了意在对抗经济问题的穷人运动,这项活动并没有得到早期民权革新运动者的支持。其后一年,在支持孟菲斯清洁工人的罢工中,他发表了最后演讲“我已到达顶峰”。1968年4月4日晚在田纳西州孟菲斯市洛林汽车旅店二层被种族主义分子暗杀,终年39岁。
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.
今天,我高兴地同大家一起,参加这次将成为我国历史上为了争取自由而举行的最伟大的示威集会。
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
120xx年前,一位伟大的美国人——今天我们就站在他象征性的身影下——签署了《解放宣言》。这项重要法令的颁布,对于千百万灼烤于非正义残焰中的黑奴,犹如带来希望之光的硕大灯塔,恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明。
But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.
然而,120xx年后,黑人依然没有获得自由。120xx年后,黑人依然悲惨地蹒跚于种族隔离和种族歧视的枷锁之下。120xx年后,黑人依然生活在物质繁荣翰海的贫困孤岛上。120xx年后,黑人依然在美国社会中间向隅而泣,依然感到自己在国土家园中流离漂泊。所以,我们今天来到这里,要把这骇人听闻的情况公诸于众。
2. In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred
obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."
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从某种意义上说,我们来到国家的首都是为了兑现一张支票。我们共和国的缔造者在拟写宪法和独立宣言的辉煌篇章时,就签署了一张每一个美国人都能继承的期票。这张期票向所有人承诺——不论白人还是黑人——都享有不可让渡的生存权、自由权和追求幸福权。然而,今天美国显然对她的有色公民拖欠着这张期票。美国没有承兑这笔神圣的债务,而是开始给黑人一张空头支票——一张盖着“资金不足”的印戳被退回的支票。
3. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.
但是,我们决不相信正义的银行会破产。我们决不相信这个国家巨大的机会宝库会资金不足。因此,我们来兑现这张支票。这张支票将给我们以宝贵的自由和正义的保障。
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce
urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of
democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
我们来到这块圣地还为了提醒美国:现在正是万分紧急的时刻。现在不是从容不迫悠然行事或服用渐进主义镇静剂的时候。现在是实现民主诺言的时候。现在是走出幽暗荒凉的种族隔离深谷,踏上种族平等的阳关大道的时候。现在是使我们国家走出种族不平等的流沙,踏上充满手足之情的磐石的时候。现在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的时候。
4. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.
忽视这一时刻的紧迫性,对于国家将会是致命的。自由平等的朗朗秋日不到来,黑人顺情合理哀怨的酷暑就不会过去。1963年不是一个结束,而是一个开
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端。 如果国家依然我行我素,那些希望黑人只需出出气就会心满意足的人将大失所望。在黑人得到公民权之前,美国既不会安宁,也不会平静。
The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
反抗的旋风将继续震撼我们国家的基石,直至光辉灿烂的正义之日来临。
1. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
我梦想有一天,这个国家将会奋起,实现其立国信条的真谛:“我们认为这些真理不言而喻:人人生而平等。”
2. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
我梦想有一天,在佐治亚州的红色山岗上,昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐,亲如手足。
3. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
我梦想有一天,甚至连密西西比州——一个非正义和压迫的热浪逼人的荒漠之州,也会改造成为自由和公正的青青绿洲。
4. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. 我梦想有一天,我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色,而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。
ALL : Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!
感谢全能的上帝,我们终于自由了!
一百年前,一位伟大的美国人签署了解放黑奴宣言,今天我们就是在他的雕像前集会。这一庄严宣言犹如灯塔的光芒,给千百万在那摧残生命的不义之火中受煎熬的黑奴带来了希望。它的到来犹如欢乐的黎明,结束了束缚黑人的漫漫长夜。
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of bad captivity.
然而一百年后的今天,黑人还没有得到自由,一百年后的今天,在种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的枷锁下,黑人的生活备受压榨。一百年后的今天,黑人仍生活在物质充裕的海洋中一个贫困的孤岛上。一百年后的今天,黑人仍然萎缩在美国社会的角落里,并且意识到自己是故土家园中的流亡者。今天我们在这里集会,就是要把这种骇人听闻的情况公诸于众。
But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.
我并非没有注意到,参加今天集会的人中,有些受尽苦难和折磨,有些刚刚走出窄小的牢房,有些由于寻求自由,曾早居住地惨遭疯狂迫害的打击,并在警察暴行的旋风中摇摇欲坠。你们是人为痛苦的长期受难者。坚持下去吧,要坚决相信,忍受不应得的痛苦是一种赎罪。
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.
让我们回到密西西比去,回到阿拉巴马去,回到南卡罗莱纳去,回到佐治亚去,回到路易斯安那去,回到我们北方城市中的贫民区和少数民族居住区去,要心中有数,这种状况是能够也必将改变的。我们不要陷入绝望而不能自拔。
Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.
朋友们,今天我对你们说,在此时此刻,我们虽然遭受种种困难和挫折,我仍然有一个梦想。这个梦是深深扎根于美国的梦想中的。
I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
我梦想有一天,这个国家会站立起来,真正实现其信条的真谛:“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的;人人生而平等。”
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live up to the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.”
我梦想有一天,在佐治亚的红山上,昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起,共叙兄弟情谊。
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
我梦想有一天,甚至连密西西比州这个正义匿迹,压迫成风,如同沙漠般的地方,也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
我梦想有一天,我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色,而是以他们的品格优劣来评判他们的国度里生活。
I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color if their skin but by the content of their character.
我今天有一个梦想。
我梦想有一天,阿拉巴马州能够有所转变,尽管该州州长现在仍然满口异议,反对联邦法令,但有着一日,那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能够与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉,携手并进。
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
我今天有一个梦想。
我梦想有一天,幽谷上升,高山下降,坎坷曲折之路成坦途,圣光披露,满照人间。
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
这就是我们的希望。我怀着这种信念回到南方。有了这个信念,我们将能从绝望之岭劈出一块希望之石。有了这个信念,我们将能把这个国家刺耳的争吵声,改变成为一支洋溢手足之情的优美交响曲。有了这个信念,我们将能一起工作,一起祈祷,一起斗争,一起坐牢,一起维护自由;因为我们知道,终有一天,我们是会自由的。
This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
在自由到来的那一天,上帝的所有儿女们将以新的含义高唱这支歌:“我的祖国,美丽的自由之乡,我为您歌唱。您是父辈逝去的地方,您是最初移民的骄傲,让自由之声响彻每个山冈。”
This will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning.
My country, ’ tis of thee,
Sweet land of liberty,
Of thee I sing:
Land where my fathers died,
Land of the pilgrims’ pride,From every mountainside
Let freedom ring.
如果美国要成为一个伟大的国家,这个梦想必须实现。让自由的钟声从新罕布什尔州的巍峨峰巅响起来!让自由的钟声从纽约州的崇山峻岭响起来!让自由的钟声从宾夕法尼亚州阿勒格尼山的顶峰响起!让自由的钟声从科罗拉多州冰雪覆盖的落矶山响起来!让自由的钟声从加利福尼亚州蜿蜒的群峰响起来!不仅如此,还要让自由的钟声从佐治亚州的石岭响起来!让自由的钟声从田纳西州的了望山响起来!让自由的钟声从密西西比州的每一座丘陵响起来!让自由的钟声从每一片山坡响起来。
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York!
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slops of California!
But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi!
From every mountainside, let freedom ring!
当我们让自由钟声响起来,让自由钟声从每一个大小村庄、每一个州和每一个城市响起来时,我们将能够加速这一天的到来,那时,上帝的所有儿女,黑人和白人,犹太人和非犹太人,新教徒和天主教徒,都将手携手,合唱一首古老的黑人灵歌:“终于自由啦!终于自由啦!感谢全能的上帝,我们终于自由啦!”
When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “Free at last! free at last! thank God almighty, we are free at last!”
尊敬的老师,亲爱的同学们:
大家好!今天我演讲的题目是《我有一个梦想》。
我有一个梦想,一个非常普通的梦想,当一名老师。对于我来说,教师是一个非常光荣的职业:她能教给我们许多的知识,能和我们进行心灵交流……
我的妈妈是一位老师,每次看着她教哥哥姐姐们读书时,感觉妈妈就像一个充满智慧和知识的“圣人”,从那时起,我便有了成为一名教师的梦想。
从小妈妈就告诉我,只要上课认真听老师讲课,只要认真完成老师布置的作业,只要认真阅读,奋发学习,将来就一定能成为一名优秀的老师!
从那以后,我只要一有时间,我就会捧着书,读上课时认真听老师讲课,遇到不懂的问题就去请教老师,知道问明白为止。
文学的殿堂富丽堂皇,我怀着一颗赤热的心,抱着对文学的热爱。我想:只要我们努力,就没有实现不了的梦想!
我的演讲到此结束,谢谢大家!